{"id":3274,"date":"2023-03-07T11:39:40","date_gmt":"2023-03-07T10:39:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nesevo.com\/?p=3274"},"modified":"2026-05-06T07:51:57","modified_gmt":"2026-05-06T05:51:57","slug":"les-technologies-de-transport-vxlan-et-vteps-expliquees","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nesevo.com\/fr\/blog\/transport-technologies-vxlan-and-vteps-explained\/","title":{"rendered":"Technologies de transport : VXLAN et VTEP expliqu\u00e9s"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Architecture moderne des r\u00e9seaux de centres de donn\u00e9es<\/h3>\n

Si vous construisez aujourd'hui un r\u00e9seau de centre de donn\u00e9es, vous envisagez tr\u00e8s probablement d'utiliser une topologie de r\u00e9seau telle que spine et leaf, ou une technologie fabric \u00e9quivalente sp\u00e9cifique \u00e0 un fournisseur, telle que Juniper QFabric<\/a>, Arista Converged Cloud Fabric<\/a> ou Centre de donn\u00e9es Nokia Fabric<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Avec une approche technologique sp\u00e9cifique \u00e0 un fournisseur, la flexibilit\u00e9 des voies de mise \u00e0 niveau futures tend \u00e0 \u00eatre limit\u00e9e aux offres du fournisseur ou peut cr\u00e9er des difficult\u00e9s pour cr\u00e9er une voie de migration vers l'ext\u00e9rieur. Une approche agnostique utilisant une technologie telle que VXLAN peut permettre d'offrir les m\u00eames services sans \u00eatre bloqu\u00e9 par le fournisseur.<\/p>\n

Les clients d'aujourd'hui pr\u00e9f\u00e8rent une approche de la mise en r\u00e9seau qui s'int\u00e8gre \u00e0 leur pile logicielle \u00e0 l'aide d'un nuage priv\u00e9 virtuel (VPC), offrant des produits intelligents tels que des appareils de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et des pare-feu \u00e0 l'int\u00e9rieur de la couche r\u00e9seau via des fonctions de r\u00e9seau virtuelles (VNF). VXLAN permet d'utiliser ces technologies sans tenir compte des fournisseurs.<\/p>\n

<\/h3>\n

Qu'est-ce que VXLAN ?<\/h3>\n

Traditionnellement, les r\u00e9seaux des centres de donn\u00e9es (ainsi que les entreprises et les campus) s'appuient sur les anciens VLAN et sur des protocoles tels que spanning tree pour assurer la protection contre les d\u00e9faillances du r\u00e9seau. Cette fa\u00e7on de proc\u00e9der ajoute du temps \u00e0 la gestion des changements de configuration, ralentit le d\u00e9ploiement des services, complique le d\u00e9pannage et entra\u00eene des co\u00fbts d'exploitation \u00e9lev\u00e9s. Le fait d'\u00eatre enferm\u00e9 dans une architecture r\u00e9seau obsol\u00e8te rend \u00e9galement impossible la mise en \u0153uvre de l'automatisation et des services modernes tels que les VPC et les VNF.<\/p>\n

VXLAN, abr\u00e9viation de Virtual eXtensible LAN, a \u00e9t\u00e9 introduit sous la r\u00e9f\u00e9rence RFC7348 par des ing\u00e9nieurs de Arista<\/a>, Cisco<\/a>, Broadcom<\/a> et VMWare<\/a> (entre autres) pour lutter contre une approche manuelle des op\u00e9rations de r\u00e9seau, en jetant de nouvelles bases pour l'\u00e9volution des r\u00e9seaux, tout en int\u00e9grant mieux la couche logicielle et la couche serveur. VXLAN a \u00e9t\u00e9 introduit pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 2012 (\u00e0 peu pr\u00e8s en m\u00eame temps que le chipset Trident 2 de Broadcom, le premier silicium marchand \u00e0 offrir la prise en charge VXLAN VTEP dans le mat\u00e9riel), apportant plusieurs caract\u00e9ristiques qui permettent la mise en r\u00e9seau et l'automatisation \u00e0 l'\u00e9chelle du nuage en supprimant les limites traditionnelles de la couche 2.<\/p>\n

<\/h3>\n

Comment fonctionne le VXLAN et en quoi diff\u00e8re-t-il des VLAN traditionnels ?<\/h3>\n

Contrairement aux VLAN traditionnels, dont l'en-t\u00eate 802.1q de 12 bits impose un maximum de 4096 VLAN par r\u00e9seau, le VXLAN fournit des services via des tunnels encapsul\u00e9s achemin\u00e9s sur un r\u00e9seau IP. Chaque service est s\u00e9par\u00e9 au sein du VXLAN par un identifiant unique (similaire \u00e0 une balise VLAN) appel\u00e9 VNID (Virtual Network Identifier), qui est un champ de 24 bits permettant jusqu'\u00e0 16 millions de VNID uniques par VXLAN. Il en r\u00e9sulte un nombre nettement plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 de services de r\u00e9seau.<\/p>\n

Les tunnels VXLAN sont \u00e9tablis entre des points d'extr\u00e9mit\u00e9 de tunnel VXLAN (VTEP) qui sont les \u201cn\u0153uds de bordure\u201d d'un tunnel - fonctionnellement \u00e9quivalents \u00e0 un VLAN. Les trames d'entr\u00e9e sont encapsul\u00e9es par le VTEP sous forme de datagramme UDP et sont achemin\u00e9es \u00e0 travers un r\u00e9seau IP standard (underlay) pour atteindre le VTEP de destination o\u00f9 elles sont d\u00e9capsul\u00e9es et envoy\u00e9es \u00e0 partir d'un port de sortie ou d'une interface virtuelle. Les routeurs interm\u00e9diaires voient simplement le tunnel comme un flux UDP. Cela permet d'utiliser des protocoles de routage standard et constitue un moyen simple de mettre \u00e0 niveau le r\u00e9seau pour qu'il prenne en charge le VXLAN - seuls les n\u0153uds p\u00e9riph\u00e9riques du r\u00e9seau doivent initialement prendre en charge le VXLAN. Cette approche permet \u00e9galement de r\u00e9partir les VXLAN sur plusieurs r\u00e9seaux IP et de cr\u00e9er une structure autor\u00e9gulatrice via une infrastructure IP rout\u00e9e existante.<\/p>\n

Un autre avantage de VXLAN est l'int\u00e9gration des VTEP dans de nombreuses solutions d'hyperviseurs. Contrairement aux r\u00e9seaux traditionnels avec des configurations laborieuses, la terminaison de l'instance VXLAN directement dans l'hyperviseur fait entrer le r\u00e9seau dans le monde moderne de l'informatique en nuage et du centre de donn\u00e9es, ce qui permet le provisionnement automatis\u00e9 des ressources de calcul et de r\u00e9seau simultan\u00e9ment. L'op\u00e9rateur peut d\u00e9sormais introduire un ensemble de produits \u00e9largi avec des VPC, des VNF et d'autres concepts modernes dans une structure autoguid\u00e9e avec la capacit\u00e9 de d\u00e9placer de mani\u00e8re transparente et instantan\u00e9e les charges de travail sans ajuster la configuration du r\u00e9seau.<\/p>\n

<\/h3>\n

Quels sont les appareils qui prennent en charge VXLAN ?<\/h3>\n

Aujourd'hui, la plupart des fournisseurs proposent la prise en charge de VXLAN au niveau mat\u00e9riel dans leurs bo\u00eetiers de silicium (tels que le Juniper MX<\/a> et Juniper PTX<\/a>). La prise en charge dans le silicium marchand existe depuis la sortie du chipset Broadcom Trident 2, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 pour la premi\u00e8re fois dans le syst\u00e8me Arista S\u00e9rie 7050<\/a>. Juniper a \u00e9galement introduit la prise en charge dans ses bo\u00eetiers de silicium marchand peu de temps apr\u00e8s avec le Juniper QFX5100. Tout appareil \u00e9quip\u00e9 d'un chipset Broadcom Trident 2, Tomahawk ou Jericho ne devrait pas avoir de probl\u00e8me avec VXLAN (il convient toutefois de v\u00e9rifier avant l'achat que le fournisseur a activ\u00e9 les protocoles n\u00e9cessaires dans son logiciel pour prendre en charge les fonctions VXLAN mat\u00e9rielles).<\/p>\n

<\/h3>\n

\u00c0 quoi ressemble l'architecture d'un r\u00e9seau VXLAN ?<\/h3>\n

Comme indiqu\u00e9 pr\u00e9c\u00e9demment, la topologie optimale du point de vue de la capacit\u00e9 et de la r\u00e9silience au sein du centre de donn\u00e9es est celle de la colonne vert\u00e9brale et de la feuille. Il en va de m\u00eame pour le VXLAN. Exemple de topologie :<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

\"Technologies<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n\n

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R\u00f4le<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

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Arista<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

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Gen\u00e9vrier<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

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Nokia<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

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Colonne vert\u00e9brale<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

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S\u00e9rie 7500R3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

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S\u00e9rie QFX5120<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

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S\u00e9rie 7250 IXR<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

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Feuille<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

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S\u00e9rie 7050X3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

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S\u00e9rie QFX5100<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

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S\u00e9rie 7220 IXR<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Remarque : il ne s'agit l\u00e0 que d'exemples et non des seuls dispositifs propos\u00e9s par chaque fournisseur. Le dispositif sp\u00e9cifique que vous devez utiliser d\u00e9pend fortement de l'architecture de votre r\u00e9seau, de sa capacit\u00e9 et de l'ensemble des produits que vous souhaitez utiliser.<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/h3>\n

Nous pouvons vous aider<\/h3>\n

Pour toute question ou demande de devis concernant le d\u00e9ploiement de VXLAN ou la mise \u00e0 niveau de votre r\u00e9seau avec des syst\u00e8mes de commutation et de routage de pointe, n'h\u00e9sitez pas \u00e0 contacter votre \u00e9quipe chez nesevo.<\/p>\n

\u00c9tats-Unis et Canada : sales-us@nesevo.com<\/a>
EMEA & APAC : sales@nesevo.com<\/a>
De quoi voulez-vous nous parler ? Cliquez ici pour plus de d\u00e9tails.<\/a><\/p>\n

Article : Technologies de transport : VXLAN et VTEP expliqu\u00e9s<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

\"S\u00e9rie<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div>
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\"S\u00e9rie<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div>
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\"Commutateur<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div>
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<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3319,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[35],"tags":[43,38,37,44,45],"class_list":["post-3274","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","tag-arista","tag-blog","tag-juniper","tag-nokia","tag-vxlan"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nTransport Technologies: VXLAN and VTEPs Explained - nesevo \u2013 Data Center Services and IT Infrastructure Solutions<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Transport technologies: VXLAN and VTEPs Explained. 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